6.5.3 Triple onsets
- Triple onset patterns:
C1 + C2 + C3
/s/ vl. Stop approximant
/p, t, k/ /j, w, l, r/
C1 C2 C3 C1 C2 C3 C1 C2 C3
s p r ‘spring’ s t r ‘string’ s k r ‘scrape’
l ‘splash’ l - l (‘sclaff’ rare)
j ‘spew’ j ‘stew’ j ‘skewer’
w - w - w ‘squeeze’
6.5.4 Codas
- The consonants /h/ and /j, w/ cannot occur in English coda.
Although the glides /j, w/ can be a part of diphthongs (/aj, aw, ɔj/),
they cannot be the codas as a complete consonant.
- /ʒ/ may be realized as [
ʤ] sometimes: garage [gəraʤ] or [gəraʒ]
massage [məsaʒ] or [məsaʤ]
6.5.5 Double codas
(a) C1 is a nasal and C2 is an obstruent (no voiced obstruent permitted ex-
cept
/d, z, ʤ/). Nasals (C1) combining with stops (C2) are invariably homor-
ganic.
(b) If C1 is /s/, then C2 is a voiceless stop. (desk, task)
(c) C1 is a liquid /l, r/ and C2 is any consonant except for /z, ʒ, ð/.
Also non-existent is the /lg/ cluster.
(d) If C1 is voiceless non-alveolar stop /p, k/, then C2 is a voiceless alveolar
obstruent /t, s/. Also permitted is the /ft/ cluster. (/pt/, /ps/, /kt/, /ks/)
- The number of possible codas increases if the coda clusters are created
by
the suffixes with /t, d, s, z, ɵ/ (past tense, plural, possessive, ordinals etc.)
- Table 6.2 on page 167 gives the actually occurring double codas.
- The Sonority Sequencing Principle dictates the opposite of onset
sequencing for codas.
sonority :
C1 C2 V C1 C2
onset coda
- Exceptions:
(a) two-stop sequences, which are never homorganic
(e.g. apt[æpt], act [ækt])
(b) stop + /s/, which always agree in voicing
(e.g. lapse [læps], tax [tæks])
- The number of possible codas increases if the coda clusters are created
by
the suffixes with /t, d, s, z, ɵ/ (past tense, plural, possessive, ordinals etc.
- Table 6.2 on page 167 gives the actually occurring double codas.
- The Sonority Sequencing Principle dictates the opposite of onse
sequencing for codas.
sonority :
C1 C2 V C1 C2
onset coda
- Exceptions:
(a) two-stop sequences, which are never homorganic
(e.g. apt[æpt], act [ækt])
(b) stop + /s/, which always agree in voicing
(e.g. lapse [læps], tax [tæks])