7.5 Affixes
7.5 Affixe
- Since the addition of prefixes does not change word stress, our presenta-
tion will be on the varying effects of suffixes on word stress.
(a) stress-bearing (attracting) suffixes
(b) stress-shifting (fixing) suffixes
(c) stress-neutral suffixes
7.5.1 Stress-bearing (attracting) suffixes
Stress-bearing suffixes attract the stress to themselves.
These stress-bearing
suffixes always
constitute heavy
syllables.
cf) monomorphemes:
brigade,
jamboree,
grotesque,
brunette
7.5.2 Stress-neutral suffixes
- Eight inflectional suffixes and some derivational suffixes never make
any
difference to the stress pattern of the resulting word.
< eight inflectional suffixes: plural, possessive, third person singular
present
tense –s; progressive –ing; past –ed; past participle –en/-ed; compara-
tive
–er; superlative –est>
7.5.2 Stress-neutral suffixes
- Eight inflectional suffixes and some derivational suffixes never make
any
difference to the stress pattern of the resulting word.
< eight inflectional suffixes: plural, possessive, third person singular
present
tense –s; progressive –ing; past –ed; past participle –en/-ed; compara
tive
–er; superlative –est>
- Adjective-forming suffix –y should not be treated in the same way as
the
noun-forming –y, which shifts the stress to the antepenultimate:
adjective-forming -y : sílk-sílky
noun-forming –y : hómophòne-homóphony, phótogràph-photógraphy
7.5.3 Stress-shifting (fixing) suffixes
- A multiplicity of derivational suffixes,
when added to a root, shift the stress
from its original position to the
syllable immediately preceding the
suffix.
(1) If the original stress is on the last syllable of the root (the syllable immediately
before the suffix), no change in location of the stress will result, because it is
already where it should be:
e.g.) divérse – divérsify
absúrd – absúrdity
obése – obésity
(2) A group of suffixes put the stress on the syllable immediately before them if
that syllable is heavy(i.e. has branching rhyme):
e.g.) refúsal, recítal, accidéntal
However, if the syllable in question is not heavy, then the stress moves one
more syllable to the left: séasonal, práctical
(3) The same is observable in the suffix –ency:
emérgency, consístency (présidency, cómpetency)
(4) Some other endings that seem to vacillate between the different suffix types:
-able quéstion – quéstionable
adóre – adórable
mánage - mánageable
- In several disyllabic stems with final stress, it shifts the stress one sylla-
ble
left (to stem-initial), as in admíre – ádmirable,
compáre – cómparable,
prefér – préferable
- The more recent tendency to stress-neutral behavior as in compárable,
admírable, and preférable .
- -able may also shift the stress one syllable to the right as in démon-
strate -
demónstrable
- In several disyllabic stems with final stress, it shifts the stress one sylla
ble
left (to stem-initial), as in admíre – ádmirable,
compáre – cómparable,
prefér – préferable
- The more recent tendency to stress-neutral behavior as in compárable
admírable, and preférable .
- -able may also shift the stress one syllable to the right as in démon-
strate -
demónstrable