8. Assignment of genitive case
(48) [NP [NP the soldiers’] [N’ sudden departure]
The inner NP the soldiers’ is assigned genitive case. English has a rule adjoining an abstract
morpheme POSS(essive) to the NP the soldiers’ .
(50) [NP [NP2 NP1 the soldiers’ – POSS] – N’] (51) NP is assigned the case-feature [+GENITIVE]
NP if governed by POSS.
NP2 N’
NP1 POSS AP N
the soldiers’ sudden departure
Since NP1 the soldiers’ in (50) is governed by POSS, it will be assigned genitive case by the rule
(51).
# Review (30) on p. 321
Many people are baffled by linguists’ theories.
PP
p NP1
by NP2 N’
NP3 POSS theories
linguists’
# Result for all case-marking in English in terms of government:
(52) (a) NP is nominative if governed by TENSE
(b) NP is objective if governed by a transitive V or P
(c) NP is genitive if governed by POSS
The NP3 linguists’
is governed by
POSS. The genitive
case of liguists’ is
marked by
POSS.
9. Infinitive complements introduced by the complementiser for in a sentential
subject.
(54) [For him to resign] would be a pity.
not barrier
① For in COMP is a prepositional complementiser, and for will govern
and assign objective case to the NP him in the sentential subject.
② Notice that government here is across an S node, not across an S-bar.
Hence the Barrier Condition does not block government of him by for.
③ Bare infinitive complements do not permit overt subjects: him cannot be governed.
(58) *[s’ him to leave] would be a mistake
# The subject of infinitives introduced by the interrogative complementiser whether:
(57) *I don’t know [s’ whether [s John to leave]]
Whether is not a prepositional complementiser, nor a lexical category(V, P, N, A), and hence
not a possible governor. So whether cannot govern the infinitive subject John.
The NP John cannot be governed by the transitive verb know either since there is an interven-
ing
S-bar barrier. Accordingly, the NP John violates Case Filter (38), not being case-marked.
=> The NP John needs a nominative case as a subject in the infinitival subordinate clause.
But the untensed clause John to leave has no any case assigner to the subject.
# Both for and whether are complementisers but only the prepositional complementiser for can
assign a case the infinitival subject.
10. Possible bare infinitive complements
Bare infinitive complements can have an overt subject as in (59):
(59) (a) I consider him to be a fool
(b) I want him to leave
(c) I expect him to win
(d) I saw him leave
Under Chomsky’s analysis, bare infinitive complements undergo a rule of S-bar Deletion which
erases both the S-bar and COMP prior to case-marking at S-structure. So the transitive verbs in
(59)
consider, want, expect, saw actually govern the NP him only across an S, not S-bar.
Those verbs can assign an objective case to him, when there is no violation of the Barrier
Condition
or Case Filter.