7.6 Stress in Compounds
7.6 Stress in Compound
- A compound is composed of more than one root morpheme (mostly two free
morphemes) but functions like a single word in syntactic and semantic terms.
A compound can be written as a single word (e.g. blueprint)
with a hyphen in between (e.g. fail-safe)
with a space between the elements (e.g. flower girl).
(1) Noun compounds
noun + noun phónecard, mátchbox, téapot, póstman
adjective + noun whíte house
verb + noun stóp watch
particle/adverb óverdose, únderwear
All noun compounds receive the stress on their first element. Excep-
tions to this rule almost always involve names (e.g. Lake Érie, Mount Sínai,
Great Brítain)
- A compound is composed of more than one root morpheme (mostly two free
morphemes) but functions like a single word in syntactic and semantic terms.
A compound can be written as a single word (e.g. blueprint)
with a hyphen in between (e.g. fail-safe)
with a space between the elements (e.g. flower girl).
(1) Noun compounds
noun + noun phónecard, mátchbox, téapot, póstman
adjective + noun whíte house
verb + noun stóp watch
particle/adverb óverdose, únderwear
All noun compounds receive the stress on their first element. Excep-
tions to this rule almost always involve names (e.g. Lake Érie, Mount Sínai,
Great Brítain)
(2) Adjective compounds
The stress is on the first element.
noun + adjective nátionwide, séasick, bédridden
adjective + adjective réd hot
preposition + adjective óverripe
(3) Verb compounds
The stress is on the first or second element.
noun + verb báby-sit, spóon-feed, cár wash
adjective + verb drý-clean
verb + verb dróp-kick
particle/adverb + verb undertáke, oversléep
>> Compounds with more than two elements are almost always stressed
on
the first element:
flý-by-night forgét-me-not
jáck-in-the-box móther-in-law
(2) Adjective compounds
The stress is on the first element.
noun + adjective nátionwide, séasick, bédridden
adjective + adjective réd hot
preposition + adjective óverripe
(3) Verb compounds
The stress is on the first or second element.
noun + verb báby-sit, spóon-feed, cár wash
adjective + verb drý-clean
verb + verb dróp-kick
particle/adverb + verb undertáke, oversléep
>> Compounds with more than two elements are almost always stressed
on
the first element:
flý-by-night forgét-me-not
jáck-in-the-box móther-in-law
(4) Complex compounds
Complex compounds are formed by joining a noun compound to an-
other
noun, and have the stress on the first element.
(a) noun + noun assembly line worker
N N
noun
(b) adjective + noun high school student
adj. N
noun
(c) verb + noun pick up truck
V N
noun
>> A complex compound can itself join a noun to create a longer com-
plex
compound, keeping the stress on the first element:
e.g.) hígh school student essay, assémbly line worker dispute
- Compound Noun Noun Phrase
gréen house green hóuse
hígh chair high cháir
rédcap red cáp
dáncing teacher dancing téacher
Q: What is the difference of meaning between compound nouns and noun
phrases?
♣ Answer the questions 1 and 3 in Exercises on page 203-204.
- Assignment to off-line class:
7.7 Differences between American and British English
7.8 Intonation